diff --git a/packages/core/database/src/interfaces/to-many-interface.ts b/packages/core/database/src/interfaces/to-many-interface.ts
index 8b6aef65ad..06b7f8669c 100644
--- a/packages/core/database/src/interfaces/to-many-interface.ts
+++ b/packages/core/database/src/interfaces/to-many-interface.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export class ToManyInterface extends BaseInterface {
 
     const items = str.split(',');
 
-    const { filterKey, targetCollection, transaction } = ctx;
+    const { filterKey, targetCollection, transaction, field } = ctx;
 
     const targetInstances = await targetCollection.repository.find({
       filter: {
@@ -36,7 +36,19 @@ export class ToManyInterface extends BaseInterface {
     });
 
     const primaryKeyAttribute = targetCollection.model.primaryKeyAttribute;
+    const targetKey = field.options.targetKey;
 
-    return targetInstances.map((targetInstance) => targetInstance[primaryKeyAttribute]);
+    const values = targetInstances.map((targetInstance) => {
+      const result = {
+        [targetKey]: targetInstance[targetKey],
+      };
+
+      if (targetKey !== primaryKeyAttribute) {
+        result[primaryKeyAttribute] = targetInstance[primaryKeyAttribute];
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    });
+    return values;
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-action-import/src/server/__tests__/xlsx-importer.test.ts b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-action-import/src/server/__tests__/xlsx-importer.test.ts
index dcf022b304..94365b9649 100644
--- a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-action-import/src/server/__tests__/xlsx-importer.test.ts
+++ b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-action-import/src/server/__tests__/xlsx-importer.test.ts
@@ -2067,4 +2067,84 @@ describe('xlsx importer', () => {
     expect(users[0].get('name')).toBe('User1');
     expect(users[1].get('name')).toBe('User2');
   });
+
+  it('should import with associations by target key', async () => {
+    const Post = app.db.collection({
+      name: 'posts',
+      fields: [
+        {
+          name: 'title',
+          type: 'string',
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'tags',
+          type: 'belongsToMany',
+          through: 'post_tag',
+          targetKey: 'name',
+          interface: 'm2m',
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    const Tag = app.db.collection({
+      name: 'tags',
+      fields: [
+        {
+          name: 'name',
+          type: 'string',
+          unique: true,
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    await app.db.sync();
+
+    await Tag.repository.create({
+      values: {
+        name: 't1',
+      },
+    });
+
+    const templateCreator = new TemplateCreator({
+      collection: Post,
+      columns: [
+        {
+          dataIndex: ['title'],
+          defaultTitle: '标题',
+        },
+        {
+          dataIndex: ['tags', 'name'],
+          defaultTitle: 'TagsName',
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    const template = (await templateCreator.run({ returnXLSXWorkbook: true })) as XLSX.WorkBook;
+
+    const worksheet = template.Sheets[template.SheetNames[0]];
+
+    XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(worksheet, [['Post1', 't1']], {
+      origin: 'A2',
+    });
+
+    const importer = new XlsxImporter({
+      collectionManager: app.mainDataSource.collectionManager,
+      collection: Post,
+      columns: [
+        {
+          dataIndex: ['title'],
+          defaultTitle: '标题',
+        },
+        {
+          dataIndex: ['tags', 'name'],
+          defaultTitle: 'TagsName',
+        },
+      ],
+      workbook: template,
+    });
+
+    await importer.run();
+
+    expect(await Post.repository.count()).toBe(1);
+  });
 });