diff --git a/packages/core/auth/src/auth-manager.ts b/packages/core/auth/src/auth-manager.ts
index f0c625a1e5..40b53094ec 100644
--- a/packages/core/auth/src/auth-manager.ts
+++ b/packages/core/auth/src/auth-manager.ts
@@ -106,7 +106,9 @@ export class AuthManager {
    * @description Auth middleware, used to check the authentication status.
    */
   middleware() {
-    return async (ctx: Context & { auth: Auth }, next: Next) => {
+    const self = this;
+
+    return async function AuthManagerMiddleware(ctx: Context & { auth: Auth }, next: Next) {
       const token = ctx.getBearerToken();
       if (token && (await ctx.app.authManager.jwt.blacklist?.has(token))) {
         return ctx.throw(401, {
@@ -115,7 +117,8 @@ export class AuthManager {
         });
       }
 
-      const name = ctx.get(this.options.authKey) || this.options.default;
+      const name = ctx.get(self.options.authKey) || self.options.default;
+
       let authenticator: Auth;
       try {
         authenticator = await ctx.app.authManager.get(name, ctx);
diff --git a/packages/core/data-source-manager/src/data-source-manager.ts b/packages/core/data-source-manager/src/data-source-manager.ts
index 25551e7d85..a8b141d9e9 100644
--- a/packages/core/data-source-manager/src/data-source-manager.ts
+++ b/packages/core/data-source-manager/src/data-source-manager.ts
@@ -84,17 +84,20 @@ export class DataSourceManager {
   }
 
   middleware() {
-    return async (ctx, next) => {
+    const self = this;
+
+    return async function dataSourceManager(ctx, next) {
       const name = ctx.get('x-data-source') || 'main';
 
-      if (!this.dataSources.has(name)) {
+      if (!self.dataSources.has(name)) {
         ctx.throw(`data source ${name} does not exist`);
       }
 
-      const ds = this.dataSources.get(name);
+      const ds = self.dataSources.get(name);
       ctx.dataSource = ds;
 
-      return ds.middleware(this.middlewares)(ctx, next);
+      const composedFn = ds.middleware(self.middlewares);
+      return composedFn(ctx, next);
     };
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/data-source-manager/src/data-source.ts b/packages/core/data-source-manager/src/data-source.ts
index 5a90ae86a0..8a45cac8f9 100644
--- a/packages/core/data-source-manager/src/data-source.ts
+++ b/packages/core/data-source-manager/src/data-source.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import compose from 'koa-compose';
 import { loadDefaultActions } from './load-default-actions';
 import { ICollectionManager } from './types';
 import { Logger } from '@nocobase/logger';
+import { wrapMiddlewareWithLogging } from '@nocobase/utils';
 
 export type DataSourceOptions = any;
 
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ export abstract class DataSource extends EventEmitter {
       for (const [fn, options] of middlewares) {
         this.resourceManager.use(fn, options);
       }
+
       this['_used'] = true;
     }
 
@@ -91,7 +93,9 @@ export abstract class DataSource extends EventEmitter {
         return this.collectionManager.getRepository(resourceName, resourceOf);
       };
 
-      return compose([this.collectionToResourceMiddleware(), this.resourceManager.middleware()])(ctx, next);
+      const middlewares = [this.collectionToResourceMiddleware(), this.resourceManager.middleware()];
+
+      return compose(middlewares.map((fn) => wrapMiddlewareWithLogging(fn)))(ctx, next);
     };
   }
 
@@ -117,15 +121,16 @@ export abstract class DataSource extends EventEmitter {
   abstract createCollectionManager(options?: any): ICollectionManager;
 
   protected collectionToResourceMiddleware() {
-    return async (ctx, next) => {
+    const self = this;
+    return async function collectionToResource(ctx, next) {
       const params = parseRequest(
         {
           path: ctx.request.path,
           method: ctx.request.method,
         },
         {
-          prefix: this.resourceManager.options.prefix,
-          accessors: this.resourceManager.options.accessors,
+          prefix: self.resourceManager.options.prefix,
+          accessors: self.resourceManager.options.accessors,
         },
       );
       if (!params) {
@@ -133,7 +138,7 @@ export abstract class DataSource extends EventEmitter {
       }
       const resourceName = getNameByParams(params);
       // 如果资源名称未被定义
-      if (this.resourceManager.isDefined(resourceName)) {
+      if (self.resourceManager.isDefined(resourceName)) {
         return next();
       }
 
@@ -141,11 +146,11 @@ export abstract class DataSource extends EventEmitter {
 
       const collectionName = splitResult[0];
 
-      if (!this.collectionManager.hasCollection(collectionName)) {
+      if (!self.collectionManager.hasCollection(collectionName)) {
         return next();
       }
 
-      this.resourceManager.define({
+      self.resourceManager.define({
         name: resourceName,
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/core/logger/src/request-logger.ts b/packages/core/logger/src/request-logger.ts
index 39efbc490e..81a07ec3ac 100644
--- a/packages/core/logger/src/request-logger.ts
+++ b/packages/core/logger/src/request-logger.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export interface RequestLoggerOptions extends LoggerOptions {
 }
 
 export const requestLogger = (appName: string, requestLogger: Logger, options?: RequestLoggerOptions) => {
-  return async (ctx, next) => {
+  return async function requestLoggerMiddleware(ctx, next) {
     const reqId = ctx.reqId;
     const path = /^\/api\/(.+):(.+)/.exec(ctx.path);
     const contextLogger = ctx.app.log.child({ reqId, module: path?.[1], submodule: path?.[2] });
diff --git a/packages/core/resourcer/src/action.ts b/packages/core/resourcer/src/action.ts
index f2a91affde..34d6b61ad9 100644
--- a/packages/core/resourcer/src/action.ts
+++ b/packages/core/resourcer/src/action.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * For more information, please refer to: https://www.nocobase.com/agreement.
  */
 
-import { assign, MergeStrategies, requireModule } from '@nocobase/utils';
+import { assign, MergeStrategies, requireModule, wrapMiddlewareWithLogging } from '@nocobase/utils';
 import compose from 'koa-compose';
 import _ from 'lodash';
 import Middleware, { MiddlewareType } from './middleware';
@@ -375,9 +375,7 @@ export class Action {
       this.getHandler(),
     ].filter(Boolean);
 
-    // handlers = handlers.map((handler) => prePerfHooksWrap(handler));
-
-    return handlers;
+    return handlers.map((fn) => wrapMiddlewareWithLogging(fn));
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/packages/core/resourcer/src/resourcer.ts b/packages/core/resourcer/src/resourcer.ts
index f8609e6c80..b5779ba48b 100644
--- a/packages/core/resourcer/src/resourcer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/resourcer/src/resourcer.ts
@@ -306,7 +306,9 @@ export class ResourceManager {
   }
 
   middleware({ prefix, accessors, skipIfDataSourceExists = false }: KoaMiddlewareOptions = {}) {
-    return async (ctx: ResourcerContext, next: () => Promise<any>) => {
+    const self = this;
+
+    return async function resourcerMiddleware(ctx: ResourcerContext, next: () => Promise<any>) {
       if (skipIfDataSourceExists) {
         const dataSource = ctx.get('x-data-source');
         if (dataSource) {
@@ -314,7 +316,7 @@ export class ResourceManager {
         }
       }
 
-      ctx.resourcer = this;
+      ctx.resourcer = self;
 
       let params = parseRequest(
         {
@@ -322,8 +324,8 @@ export class ResourceManager {
           method: ctx.request.method,
         },
         {
-          prefix: this.options.prefix || prefix,
-          accessors: this.options.accessors || accessors,
+          prefix: self.options.prefix || prefix,
+          accessors: self.options.accessors || accessors,
         },
       );
 
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ export class ResourceManager {
       }
 
       try {
-        const resource = this.getResource(getNameByParams(params));
+        const resource = self.getResource(getNameByParams(params));
 
         // 为关系资源时，暂时需要再执行一遍 parseRequest
         if (resource.options.type && resource.options.type !== 'single') {
@@ -343,8 +345,8 @@ export class ResourceManager {
               type: resource.options.type,
             },
             {
-              prefix: this.options.prefix || prefix,
-              accessors: this.options.accessors || accessors,
+              prefix: self.options.prefix || prefix,
+              accessors: self.options.accessors || accessors,
             },
           );
 
@@ -354,7 +356,7 @@ export class ResourceManager {
         }
 
         // action 需要 clone 之后再赋给 ctx
-        ctx.action = this.getAction(getNameByParams(params), params.actionName).clone();
+        ctx.action = self.getAction(getNameByParams(params), params.actionName).clone();
 
         ctx.action.setContext(ctx);
         ctx.action.actionName = params.actionName;
diff --git a/packages/core/server/src/application.ts b/packages/core/server/src/application.ts
index 85131a3655..4d5cb81239 100644
--- a/packages/core/server/src/application.ts
+++ b/packages/core/server/src/application.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,16 @@ import {
 } from '@nocobase/logger';
 import { ResourceOptions, Resourcer } from '@nocobase/resourcer';
 import { Telemetry, TelemetryOptions } from '@nocobase/telemetry';
-import { applyMixins, AsyncEmitter, importModule, Toposort, ToposortOptions } from '@nocobase/utils';
+
+import {
+  applyMixins,
+  AsyncEmitter,
+  importModule,
+  Toposort,
+  ToposortOptions,
+  wrapMiddlewareWithLogging,
+} from '@nocobase/utils';
+
 import { Command, CommandOptions, ParseOptions } from 'commander';
 import { randomUUID } from 'crypto';
 import glob from 'glob';
@@ -50,7 +59,6 @@ import {
   enablePerfHooks,
   getCommandFullName,
   registerMiddlewares,
-  wrapMiddlewareWithLogging,
 } from './helper';
 import { ApplicationVersion } from './helpers/application-version';
 import { Locale } from './locale';
@@ -466,10 +474,7 @@ export class Application<StateT = DefaultState, ContextT = DefaultContext> exten
     middleware: Koa.Middleware<StateT & NewStateT, ContextT & NewContextT>,
     options?: ToposortOptions,
   ) {
-    this.middleware.add(
-      wrapMiddlewareWithLogging(middleware, middleware.toString().slice(0, 100), this.logger),
-      options,
-    );
+    this.middleware.add(wrapMiddlewareWithLogging(middleware, this.logger), options);
     return this;
   }
 
@@ -1197,6 +1202,7 @@ export class Application<StateT = DefaultState, ContextT = DefaultContext> exten
       group: 'parseVariables',
       after: 'acl',
     });
+
     this._dataSourceManager.use(dataTemplate, { group: 'dataTemplate', after: 'acl' });
 
     this._locales = new Locale(createAppProxy(this));
diff --git a/packages/core/server/src/helper.ts b/packages/core/server/src/helper.ts
index 5af2995c7d..bd8c7885ea 100644
--- a/packages/core/server/src/helper.ts
+++ b/packages/core/server/src/helper.ts
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ export function registerMiddlewares(app: Application, options: ApplicationOption
     );
   }
 
-  app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+  app.use(async function getBearerToken(ctx, next) {
     ctx.getBearerToken = () => {
       const token = ctx.get('Authorization').replace(/^Bearer\s+/gi, '');
       return token || ctx.query.token;
@@ -158,22 +158,3 @@ export const enablePerfHooks = (app: Application) => {
 
   app.acl.allow('perf', '*', 'public');
 };
-
-export function wrapMiddlewareWithLogging(fn, name, logger) {
-  if (process.env['LOGGER_LEVEL'] !== 'trace') {
-    return fn;
-  }
-
-  return async (ctx, next) => {
-    const reqId = ctx.reqId;
-    logger.trace(`--> Entering middleware: ${name}`, { reqId });
-    const start = Date.now();
-
-    await fn(ctx, async () => {
-      await next();
-    });
-
-    const ms = Date.now() - start;
-    logger.trace(`<-- Exiting middleware: ${name} - ${ms}ms`, { reqId });
-  };
-}
diff --git a/packages/core/server/src/index.ts b/packages/core/server/src/index.ts
index ce1f6f8a1c..2d7f26dc29 100644
--- a/packages/core/server/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/server/src/index.ts
@@ -28,4 +28,3 @@ export {
 } from './plugin-manager/findPackageNames';
 
 export { runPluginStaticImports } from './run-plugin-static-imports';
-export { wrapMiddlewareWithLogging } from './helper';
diff --git a/packages/core/server/src/middlewares/data-template.ts b/packages/core/server/src/middlewares/data-template.ts
index 09a5d5c4aa..473645b623 100644
--- a/packages/core/server/src/middlewares/data-template.ts
+++ b/packages/core/server/src/middlewares/data-template.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 import { Context } from '@nocobase/actions';
 import { Collection } from '@nocobase/database';
 
-export const dataTemplate = async (ctx: Context, next) => {
+export async function dataTemplate(ctx: Context, next) {
   const { resourceName, actionName } = ctx.action;
   const { isTemplate, fields } = ctx.action.params;
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export const dataTemplate = async (ctx: Context, next) => {
       include: fields,
     });
   }
-};
+}
 
 type TraverseOptions = {
   collection: Collection;
diff --git a/packages/core/server/src/middlewares/parse-variables.ts b/packages/core/server/src/middlewares/parse-variables.ts
index 109587707f..5e4a5bb655 100644
--- a/packages/core/server/src/middlewares/parse-variables.ts
+++ b/packages/core/server/src/middlewares/parse-variables.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ function isNumeric(str: any) {
   return !isNaN(str as any) && !isNaN(parseFloat(str));
 }
 
-export const parseVariables = async (ctx, next) => {
+export async function parseVariables(ctx, next) {
   const filter = ctx.action.params.filter;
   if (!filter) {
     return next();
@@ -66,4 +66,4 @@ export const parseVariables = async (ctx, next) => {
     },
   });
   await next();
-};
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/utils/src/index.ts b/packages/core/utils/src/index.ts
index 7f20a0f15b..13da3540c8 100644
--- a/packages/core/utils/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/utils/src/index.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ export * from './toposort';
 export * from './uid';
 export * from './url';
 export * from './i18n';
+export * from './wrap-middleware';
 
 export { dayjs, lodash };
 export { Schema } from '@formily/json-schema';
diff --git a/packages/core/utils/src/wrap-middleware.ts b/packages/core/utils/src/wrap-middleware.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..820ba15c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/utils/src/wrap-middleware.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+export function wrapMiddlewareWithLogging(fn, logger?) {
+  if (process.env['LOGGER_LEVEL'] !== 'trace') {
+    return fn;
+  }
+
+  const name = fn.name || fn.toString().slice(0, 100);
+
+  return async (ctx, next) => {
+    const reqId = ctx.reqId;
+
+    if (!logger && !ctx.logger) {
+      return await fn(ctx, next);
+    }
+
+    if (!logger && ctx.logger) {
+      logger = ctx.logger;
+    }
+
+    logger.trace(`--> Entering middleware: ${name}`, { reqId });
+
+    const start = Date.now();
+
+    await fn(ctx, async () => {
+      const beforeNext = Date.now();
+      logger.trace(`--> Before next middleware: ${name} - ${beforeNext - start}ms`, { reqId });
+
+      await next();
+
+      const afterNext = Date.now();
+      logger.trace(`<-- After next middleware: ${name} - ${afterNext - beforeNext}ms`, { reqId });
+    });
+
+    const ms = Date.now() - start;
+    logger.trace(`<-- Exiting middleware: ${name} - ${ms}ms`, { reqId });
+  };
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-acl/src/server/server.ts b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-acl/src/server/server.ts
index 151b89ab83..f082ed398a 100644
--- a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-acl/src/server/server.ts
+++ b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-acl/src/server/server.ts
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ export class PluginACLServer extends Plugin {
       };
     });
 
-    this.app.resourcer.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+    this.app.resourceManager.use(async function showAnonymous(ctx, next) {
       const { actionName, resourceName, params } = ctx.action;
       const { showAnonymous } = params || {};
       if (actionName === 'list' && resourceName === 'roles') {
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ export class PluginACLServer extends Plugin {
 
     // append allowedActions to list & get response
     this.app.use(
-      async (ctx, next) => {
+      async function withACLMetaMiddleware(ctx, next) {
         try {
           await withACLMeta(ctx, next);
         } catch (error) {
diff --git a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-data-source-main/src/server/server.ts b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-data-source-main/src/server/server.ts
index 6ce490b326..de17682381 100644
--- a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-data-source-main/src/server/server.ts
+++ b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-data-source-main/src/server/server.ts
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ export class PluginDataSourceMainServer extends Plugin {
 
     this.app.on('beforeStart', loadCollections);
 
-    this.app.resourcer.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+    this.app.resourceManager.use(async function pushUISchemaWhenUpdateCollectionField(ctx, next) {
       const { resourceName, actionName } = ctx.action;
       if (resourceName === 'collections.fields' && actionName === 'update') {
         const { updateAssociationValues = [] } = ctx.action.params;
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ export class PluginDataSourceMainServer extends Plugin {
       },
     );
 
-    this.app.resourcer.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+    this.app.resourceManager.use(async function mergeReverseFieldWhenSaveCollectionField(ctx, next) {
       if (ctx.action.resourceName === 'collections.fields' && ['create', 'update'].includes(ctx.action.actionName)) {
         ctx.action.mergeParams({
           updateAssociationValues: ['reverseField'],
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ export class PluginDataSourceMainServer extends Plugin {
       }
     };
 
-    this.app.resourcer.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+    this.app.resourceManager.use(async function handleFieldSourceMiddleware(ctx, next) {
       await next();
 
       // handle collections:list
diff --git a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-data-source-manager/src/server/plugin.ts b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-data-source-manager/src/server/plugin.ts
index 20a6c08bd9..8ec528ab37 100644
--- a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-data-source-manager/src/server/plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-data-source-manager/src/server/plugin.ts
@@ -492,8 +492,9 @@ export class PluginDataSourceManagerServer extends Plugin {
       });
     });
 
+    const self = this;
     // add global roles check
-    this.app.resourcer.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+    this.app.resourceManager.use(async function appendDataToRolesCheck(ctx, next) {
       const action = ctx.action;
       await next();
       const { resourceName, actionName } = action.params;
@@ -503,12 +504,12 @@ export class PluginDataSourceManagerServer extends Plugin {
 
         ctx.bodyMeta = {
           dataSources: dataSources.reduce((carry, dataSourceModel) => {
-            const dataSource = this.app.dataSourceManager.dataSources.get(dataSourceModel.get('key'));
+            const dataSource = self.app.dataSourceManager.dataSources.get(dataSourceModel.get('key'));
             if (!dataSource) {
               return carry;
             }
 
-            const dataSourceStatus = this.dataSourceStatus[dataSourceModel.get('key')];
+            const dataSourceStatus = self.dataSourceStatus[dataSourceModel.get('key')];
             if (dataSourceStatus !== 'loaded') {
               return carry;
             }
diff --git a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-field-china-region/src/server/index.ts b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-field-china-region/src/server/index.ts
index 652a51db02..78407f53d9 100644
--- a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-field-china-region/src/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-field-china-region/src/server/index.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export class PluginFieldChinaRegionServer extends Plugin {
 
     this.app.acl.allow('chinaRegions', 'list', 'loggedIn');
 
-    this.app.resourcer.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+    this.app.resourceManager.use(async function blockChinaRegionList(ctx, next) {
       const { resourceName, actionName } = ctx.action.params;
 
       if (resourceName == 'chinaRegions' && actionName !== 'list') {
diff --git a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-users/src/server/server.ts b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-users/src/server/server.ts
index b1c00d914b..b6c0c13523 100644
--- a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-users/src/server/server.ts
+++ b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-users/src/server/server.ts
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ export default class PluginUsersServer extends Plugin {
   }
 
   async load() {
-    this.app.resourceManager.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+    this.app.resourceManager.use(async function deleteRolesCache(ctx, next) {
       await next();
       const { associatedName, resourceName, actionName, values } = ctx.action.params;
       if (
diff --git a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-verification/src/server/Plugin.ts b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-verification/src/server/Plugin.ts
index dd9a18a944..806a129c9f 100644
--- a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-verification/src/server/Plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-verification/src/server/Plugin.ts
@@ -138,16 +138,17 @@ export default class PluginVerficationServer extends Plugin {
     await initProviders(this);
     initActions(this);
 
+    const self = this;
     // add middleware to action
-    app.resourcer.use(async (context, next) => {
+    app.resourceManager.use(async function verificationIntercept(context, next) {
       const { resourceName, actionName, values } = context.action.params;
       const key = `${resourceName}:${actionName}`;
-      const interceptor = this.interceptors.get(key);
+      const interceptor = self.interceptors.get(key);
       if (!interceptor || interceptor.manual) {
         return next();
       }
 
-      return this.intercept(context, next);
+      return self.intercept(context, next);
     });
 
     app.acl.allow('verifications', 'create', 'public');
diff --git a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-workflow-action-trigger/src/server/ActionTrigger.ts b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-workflow-action-trigger/src/server/ActionTrigger.ts
index bcf2e9ef9b..00389090a2 100644
--- a/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-workflow-action-trigger/src/server/ActionTrigger.ts
+++ b/packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-workflow-action-trigger/src/server/ActionTrigger.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,25 @@ export default class extends Trigger {
   constructor(workflow: WorkflowPlugin) {
     super(workflow);
 
-    workflow.app.dataSourceManager.use(this.middleware);
+    const self = this;
+
+    async function triggerWorkflowActionMiddleware(context: Context, next: Next) {
+      const { resourceName, actionName } = context.action;
+
+      if (resourceName === 'workflows' && actionName === 'trigger') {
+        return self.workflowTriggerAction(context, next);
+      }
+
+      await next();
+
+      if (!['create', 'update'].includes(actionName)) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      return self.collectionTriggerAction(context);
+    }
+
+    workflow.app.dataSourceManager.use(triggerWorkflowActionMiddleware);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -43,22 +61,6 @@ export default class extends Trigger {
     return this.collectionTriggerAction(context);
   }
 
-  middleware = async (context: Context, next: Next) => {
-    const { resourceName, actionName } = context.action;
-
-    if (resourceName === 'workflows' && actionName === 'trigger') {
-      return this.workflowTriggerAction(context, next);
-    }
-
-    await next();
-
-    if (!['create', 'update'].includes(actionName)) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    return this.collectionTriggerAction(context);
-  };
-
   private async collectionTriggerAction(context: Context) {
     const {
       resourceName,